Causes of Smog and Air Pollution in Pakistan - Critical Analysis

Tackling the Smog Crisis: A Call for Action

In recent times, Lahore has unfortunately earned the title of the most polluted city globally, with the smog crisis spreading its ominous veil to other cities in Punjab. This environmental menace disrupts daily life, causing businesses to face disruptions, educational institutions to close intermittently, and a looming health emergency. Delving into the root causes reveals the need for a multi-faceted approach for a sustainable solution.

Beyond Borders: Addressing Crop Burning in Indian Punjab

The issue extends beyond borders, with the burning of crop residues in Indian Punjab casting a shadow over the air quality in the border areas of Pakistan. The Punjab government has rightly brought this matter to international forums, including the World Bank. However, solutions must not overlook the efficiency of governmental departments entrusted with addressing these challenges.

Unveiling the Culprits: Identifying Pollution Sources

Examining the nitty-gritty of pollution, the Air Quality Index report highlights various sources. Factories and vehicles emitting smoke, rampant deforestation, haphazard constructions, and forest fires collectively contribute to alarming air quality levels. Concentrations of toxic gases surpass international environmental standards from industries, vehicles, and constructions.

Urbanization Woes: Concrete Jungles and Vanishing Greenery

Pakistan's major cities are transforming into concrete jungles, sacrificing green spaces for urban development. Converting agricultural land into housing societies removes trees and greenery, widening roads and removing footpaths exacerbates the issue. Unregulated burning of brick kilns and crop residues intensifies the air pollution crisis.

Failed Measures: Smog Commission and Environmental Laws

In response to the smog crisis, a smog commission was established in Pakistan, but it failed to enforce international laws and lacked the necessary efficacy. Additionally, the introduction of Euro 5 standard petrol remains limited, leaving a significant gap in nationwide adoption.

The Impact of Air Pollution on Cognitive Abilities

Recent research highlights a concerning correlation between extended exposure to air pollution and adverse effects on mental abilities. In developing countries, the absence of robust legislation and effective policies contributes to elevated air pollution levels, posing a significant burden on societal health.

The burden is evident in Lahore, ranked as the world's most polluted city. Experts attribute 63% of the city's smog to emissions from motorcycles and rickshaws, with motor cars and jeeps contributing an additional 11%. The alarming scenario is intensified by a 460% increase in motorcycle and rickshaw sales over the past decade in Lahore.

The repercussions extend beyond statistics, impacting individuals' cognitive well-being. Urgent measures are needed to address pollution sources and legislative gaps perpetuating this environmental crisis.

A Call for Environmental Responsibility

The industrial revolution and modern technology, while providing facilities and conveniences, have caused severe environmental damage. Air pollution now stands as the biggest threat to human health, demanding immediate measures to save millions of lives.

Mitigating air pollution requires a multifaceted approach. Cities must minimize smoke-emitting vehicles, curb dumping and burning of garbage, and implement effective filters in factories. Afforestation campaigns are crucial to enhancing the atmosphere's carbon sequestration capacity.

Despite Pakistan's minimal contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, the nation bears the brunt of climate change repercussions. Experts warn of dire consequences, including water and food shortages, if adaptation measures are not taken.

The solution lies in strategic policy interventions. Meaningful actions at the policy level are indispensable to navigate challenges posed by climate change. As we stand at a critical juncture, a united effort and decisive policies are key to safeguarding Pakistan's future against looming environmental threats.